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Tuesday 29 January 2013

Cerita Rakyat Bahasa Inggris




Cerita rakyat from West Java





Lutung Kasarung

Prabu Tapa Agung had led a kingdom in West Java for a long time. He was getting old and therefore wanted to choose a successor. But unfortunately, he had no son. He thought of choosing one of his daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. But it wasn’t an easy choice. They were both very pretty and smart. The only difference was their temperament. Purbararang was rude and dishonest, while Purbasari was kind and caring. With those considerations, Prabu Tapa Agung finally chose Purbasari to be his successor.

Purbararang didn’t agree with her father’s decision. “It’s supposed to be me, Father. I’m the eldest daughter!” Purbararang said. Prabu Tapa Agung smiled. “Purbararang, to be a queen takes more than age. There are many other qualities that one must possess,” explained Prabu Tapa Agung wisely. “What does Purbasari have that I don’t?” Purbararang pouted. “You’ll find out when Purbasari has replaced me,” Prabu Tapa Agung answered.

After the discussion, Purbararang went back to her room. “Is there something wrong?” asked Indrajaya. Indrajaya is Purbararang’s future husband. “I’m upset! Father chose Purbasari as his successor and not me! I have to do something!” Purbararang said. Driven mad by her anger, she came to a witch and asked her to send rash all over Purbasari’s body. Before going to bed, Purbasari started to feel itch all over her body. She tried applying powder to her body, but it’s no use. Instead, the itching grew even worse. She didn’t want to scratch it, but she just couldn’t help it. In the next morning, there were scratch mark all over Purbasari’s body. “What happened to you?” asked Purbararang, pretending to be concerned. “I don’t know, sis. Last night, my body suddenly felt very itchy. I scratched and scratched, and this is what happened,” Purbasari answered. Purbararang shook her head. “You must have done something really awful. You’ve been punished by the gods!”

That day, the whole kingdom was scandalized. “What have you done, Purbasari?” demanded Prabu Tapa Agung. Purbasari shook her head. “I didn’t do anything that would upset the gods, Father,” she answered. “Then how can you explain what happened to your body?” Prabu Tapa Agung asked again. “If you don’t confess, I’ll banish you to the woods.” Purbasari took a deep breath. “Like I said before, I didn’t do anything wrong. And I’d rather be thrown into the woods than to confess to a deed I didn’t commit.”

After a short discussion with his advisor, Prabu Tapa Agung ordered Purbasari to be moved to the woods. Purbasari was very sad, but she couldn’t do anything to defy her father’s order. She was accompanied to the woods by a messenger. He built a simple hut for Purbasari. After the messenger left, suddenly a black monkey came to Purbasari’s hut. He carried a bunch of bananas. From behind him, some animals looked on. “Are the bananas for me?’ Purbasari asked. The black monkey nodded, as if he understood what Purbasari said. Purbasari took the bananas with pleasure. She also said thanks. The other animals that were looking on also seemed to smile. “Are you willing to be my friend?” Purbasari asked them. All the animals nodded happily. Although she was living by herself in the woods, Purbasari never lacked of supplies. Everyday, there were always animals bringing her fruits and fish to eat.

A long time had passed since Purbasari was banished to the woods, but her body still itched. At some places, her skin was even ulcerating. What am I supposed to do?” Purbasari sighed. The monkey who was sitting next to her stayed still, there were tears in his eyes. He hoped Purbasari would remain patient and strong.

One night, on a full moon, the monkey took Purbasari to a valley. There is a pond with hot spring water. The monkey suddenly spoke, “The water of this pond will heal your skin,” he said. Purbasari was surprised, ”You can talk? Who are you?” she asked. “You’ll find out, in time,” the monkey said. Purbasari didn’t want to force the monkey. She then walked to the pond. She bathed there. After a few hours, Purbasari walked out of the pond. She was shocked to see her face reflected on the clear pond water. Her face was beautiful again, with smooth and clean skin. Purbasari observed her entire body. There were no traces of any skin ailments. “I’m cured! I’m cured!” Purbasari shouted in joy. She quickly offered thanks to the gods and also to the monkey.

The news of Purbasari’s condition quickly spread to the kingdom, irritating Purbararang. She then accompanied by Indrajaya go to the woods to see Purbasari. Purbasari asked if she would be allowed to go home. Purbararang said she would let Purbasari return to the palace if Purbasari’s hair were longer than hers. Purbararang then let her hair down. It was so long, it almost touched the ground. But it turned out that Purbasari’s hair was twice longer than Purbararang’s hair.

“Fine, so your hair is longer than mine.” Purbararang admitted. “But there is one more condition you must fulfill, do you have a future husband who is handsomer than mine?” said Purbararang as she walked toward Indrajaya. Purbasari felt miserable. She didn’t have a future husband yet. So, without much thought, she pulled the black monkey beside her.

Purbararang and Indrajaya burst out, but their laughter didn’t last long. The monkey meditates and suddenly transformed into a very handsome young man, a lot more handsome than Indrajaya. “I’m a prince from a kingdom far away. I was cursed to be a monkey because of a mistake I committed. I could regain my true form only if there’s a girl who would be willing to be my wife,” said the young man.

Finally, Purbararang gave up. She accepted Purbasari as the queen, and also confessed everything she had done. “Please forgive me. Please don’t punish me,” Purbararang said, asking for forgiveness. Instead of being angry, Purbasari smiled. “I forgive you, sis,” she said. Soon after, Purbasari become queen. Beside her was the handsome prince, the former monkey known as Lutung Kasarung.***












Cerita rakyat from Central Java


Mouse Deer and Tiger

One upon a time, there was a mouse deer living in a forest. Although he was small, he wasn’t afraid of the other bigger animals who wanted to eat him. He was so smart; he always managed to ditch them. One day, a tiger was wandering around for food. He hadn't been eating for days. He was really hungry. While he was walking in the forest, he saw Mouse Deer. The tiger wanted to eat him.

Tiger slowly ducked, crawled, approaching Mouse Deer, then..."Gotcha!" said Tiger. He caught Mouse Deer. “Hello, Mouse Deer! I’m really hungry right now. You’ll be my lunch!” said Tiger. Mouse Deer didn’t want to be his lunch. He tried to be calm. He looked around and saw some buffalo’s dung. He had an idea. “I’m sorry, Tiger. I can’t be your lunch now. The King has ordered me to guard his cake,” said Mouse Deer calmly. “His cake?” said Tiger curiously. “Yes, there it is. It’s very delicious. The King doesn’t want anyone else to eat it, so he ordered me to guard it,” Mouse Deer pointed the buffalo’s dung. “Can I taste it?” Tiger asked. “Of course you can’t. The King would be very angry,” said Mouse Deer refused. “Just one little bite, Mouse Deer! The King will never know,” said Tiger. “Well, okay, Tiger. But first let me run far away, so the King won’t blame me,” said Mouse Deer. “All right, Mouse deer. You can go now.” Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then took a big mouthful of the ‘cake’. “Phoooey!” He spit it out. “Yuck, that’s not cake. That’s buffalo’s dung.”

Tiger ran through the forest. He caught up with Mouse Deer. “Mouse Deer, you tricked me. But now you will be my lunch.” Mouse Deer looked around and saw a wasp nest in a tree. “I’m sorry, Tiger. I can’t be your lunch now. The King has ordered me to guard his drum,” said Mouse Deer calmly. “His drum?” said Tiger curiously. “Yes, there it is. It has the best sound in the world. The King doesn’t want anyone else to hit it,” Mouse Deer pointed the wasp nest. “Can I hit the King’s drum?” Tiger asked. “Of course you can’t. The King would be very angry,” said Mouse Deer refused. “Just one little hit, Mouse Deer! The King will never know,” said Tiger. ”Well, all right, Tiger. But first let me run far away, so the King won’t blame me,” said Mouse Deer. “All right, Mouse Deer. You can go now.” Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then reached up and hit the wasp nest. Bzzzzzzz…! “Ouch…ouch! That’s not a drum. That a wasp nests!”

Tiger ran away. But the wasps keep following him. He came to the river. He jumped in and stayed underwater as long as he could. At last the wasps went away. Then he jumped out. He ran through the forest till he found Mouse Deer. “Mouse Deer, you tricked me again. But now you will be my lunch.” Mouse Deer looked around and saw a cobra. The snake was coiled asleep on the ground. “I’m sorry, Tiger. I can’t be your lunch now. The King has ordered me to guard his belt,” said Mouse Deer calmly. “His belt?” said Tiger curiously. “Yes. There it is. It’s the best belt in the world. The King doesn’t want anyone else to wear it,” Mouse Deer pointed the cobra. “Can I wear it?” Tiger asked. “Of course you can’t. The King would be very angry,” said Mouse Deer refused. “Just for one moment, Mouse Deer! The King will never know,” said Tiger. ”Well, all right, Tiger. But first let me run far away, so the King won’t blame me,” said Mouse Deer. “All right, Mouse Deer. You can go now.” Mouse Deer ran quickly out of sight. Tiger then took the snake and started to warp it around himself. The cobra woke up. It squeezed Tiger and bit him. SSssssstt! “Oouch! Ow! Ooow! That’s not a belt! That’s a cobra! Help! Mouse Deer! Help!” But Mouse Deer was already far away. He laughed aloud. Mouse Deer was safe from Tiger now.***





malin kundang








Cerita rakyat from West Sumatra


Malin Kundang

Once upon a time, on the north coast of Sumatra lived a poor woman and his son. The boy was called Malin Kundang. They didn’t earn much as fishing was their only source of income. Malin Kundang grew up as a skillful young boy. He always helps his mother to earn some money. However, as they were only fisherman’s helper, they still lived in poverty. “Mother, what if I sail overseas?” asked Malin Kundang one day to his mother. Her mother didn’t agree but Malin Kundang had made up his mind. “Mother, if I stay here, I’ll always be a poor man. I want to be a successful person,” urged Malin kundang. His mother wiped her tears, “If you really want to go, I can’t stop you. I could only pray to God for you to gain success in life,” said his mother wisely. “But, promise me, you’ll come home.”

In the next morning, Malin Kundang was ready to go. Three days ago, he met one of the successful ship’s crew. Malin was offered to join him. “Take a good care of yourself, son,” said Malin Kundang’s mother as she gave him some food supplies. “Yes, Mother,” Malin Kundang said. “You too have to take a good care of yourself. I’ll keep in touch with you,” he continued before kissing his mother’s hand. Before Malin stepped onto the ship, Malin’s mother hugged him tight as if she didn’t want to let him go.

It had been three months since Malin Kundang left his mother. As his mother had predicted before, he hadn’t contacted her yet. Every morning, she stood on the pier. She wished to see the ship that brought Malin kundang home. Every day and night, she prayed to the God for her son’s safety. There was so much prayer that had been said due to her deep love for Malin Kundang. Even though it’s been a year she had not heard any news from Malin Kundang, she kept waiting and praying for him.

After several years waiting without any news, Malin Kundang’s mother was suddenly surprised by the arrival of a big ship in the pier where she usually stood to wait for her son. When the ship finally pulled over, Malin Kundang’s mother saw a man who looked wealthy stepping down a ladder along with a beautiful woman. She could not be wrong. Her blurry eyes still easily recognized him. The man was Malin Kundang, her son.

Malin Kundang’s mother quickly went to see her beloved son. “Malin, you’re back, son!” said Malin Kundang’s mother and without hesitation, she came running to hug Malin Kundang, “I miss you so much.” But, Malin Kundang didn’t show any respond. He was ashamed to admit his own mother in front of his beautiful wife. “You’re not my Mother. I don’t know you. My mother would never wear such ragged and ugly clothes,” said Malin Kundang as he release his mother embrace.

Malin Kundang’s mother take a step back, “Malin…You don’t recognize me? I’m your mother!” she said sadly. Malin Kundang’s face was as cold as ice. “Guard, take this old women out of here,” Malin Kundang ordered his bodyguard. “Give her some money so she won’t disturb me again!” Malin Kundang’s mother cried as she was dragged by the bodyguard, ”Malin... my son. Why do you treat your own mother like this?”

Malin Kundang ignored his mother and ordered the ship crews to set sail. Malin Kundang’s mother sat alone in the pier. Her heart was so hurt, she cried and cried. “Dear God, if he isn’t my son, please let him have a save journey. But if he is, I cursed him to become a stone,” she prayed to the God.

In the quiet sea, suddenly the wind blew so hard and a thunderstorm came. Malin Kundang’s huge ship was wrecked. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship, and fell on a small island. Suddenly, his whole body turned into stone. He was punished for not admitting his own mother.***





Sangkuriang








Cerita rakyat from West Java


Sangkuriang

Long time ago in West Java, lived a beautiful girl named Dayang Sumbi. She was also smart and clever. Her beauty and intelligence made a prince from the heavenly kingdom of Kahyangan desire her as his wife. The prince asked permission from his father to marry Dayang Sumbi. People from Kahyangan could never live side by side with humans, but his father approved on one condition, when they had a child, the prince would transform into a dog. The prince accepted the condition.

They get married and lived happily in the woods until Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy. The prince then changed into a dog named Tumang. Their son is named Sangkuriang. He was very smart and handsome like his father. Everyday, he hunted animals and looked for fruits to eat. One day, when he was hunting, Sangkuriang accidentally killed Tumang. His arrow missed the deer he was targeting and hit Tumang instead. He went home and tells her mother about the dog. “What?” Dayang Sumbi was appalled. Driven by sadness and anger, she grabbed a weaving tool and hit Sangkuriang’s head with it. Dayang Sumbi was so sad; she didn’t pay any attention to Sangkuriang and started to cry.

Sangkuriang feel sad and also confused. How can his mother love a dog more than him? Sangkuriang then decided to go away from their home and went on a journey. In the morning, Dayang Sumbi finally stopped crying. She started to feel better, so she went to find Sangkuriang. But her son was no where to be found. She looked everywhere but still couldn’t find him. Finally, she went home with nothing. She was exhausted. She fell asleep, and in her dream, she meets her husband. “Dayang Sumbi, don’t be sad. Go look for my body in the woods and get the heart. Soak it with water, and use the water to bathe, and you will look young forever,” said the prince in her dream. After bathing with the water used to soak the dog’s heart, Dayang Sumbi looked more beautiful and even younger.

And time passed by. Sangkuriang on his journey stopped at a village and met and fell in love with a beautiful girl.He didn't realize that the village was his homeland and the beautiful girl was his own mother, Dayang Sumbi. Their love grew naturally and he asked the girl to marry him. One day, Sangkuriang was going on a hunt. He asked Dayang Sumbi to fix the turban on his head. Dayang Sumbi was startled when she saw a scar on his head at the same place where she, years ago, hit Sangkuriang on the head.

After the young man left, Dayang Sumbi prayed for guidance. After praying, she became convinced that the young man was indeed her missing son. She realized that she had to do something to prevent Sangkuriang from marrying her. But she did not wish to disappoint him by cancelling the wedding. So, although she agreed to marry Sangkuriang, she would do so only on the condition that he provides her with a lake and built a beautiful boat, all in one night.

Sangkuriang accepted this condition without a doubt. He had spent his youth studying magical arts. After the sun went down, Sangkuriang went to the hill. Then he called a group of genie to build a dam around Citarum River. Then, he commands the genies to cut down trees and build a boat. A few moments before dawn, Sangkuriang and his genie servants almost finished the boat.

Dayang Sumbi, who had been spying on him, realised that Sangkuriang would fulfill the condition she had set. Dayang Sumbi immediately woke all the women in the village and asked them to wave a long red scarf. All the women in the village were waving red scarf, making it look as if dawn was breaking. Deceived by false dawn, the cock crowed and farmers rose for the new day.

Sangkuriang’s genie servants immediately dropped their work and ran for cover from the sun, which they feared. Sangkuriang grew furious. With all his anger, he kicked the unfinished boat. The boat flew and landed on a valley. The boat then became a mountain, called Mount Tangkuban Perahu (Tangkuban means upturned or upside down, and Perahu means boat). With his power, he destroyed the dam. The water drained from the lake becoming a wide plain and nowadays became a city called Bandung (from the word Bendung, which means Dam).***










Cerita rakyat from East Java


Cindelaras

Raden Putra was the king of Jenggala kingdom. He had a beautiful queen and concubine. Unlike the queen, the concubine had bad personalities. She was envious and jealous with the queen, so she planned to make the queen leave the palace. The concubine then asked the royal healer to help her in her plan. One day, the concubine pretended to be ill. Raden Putra called the royal healer to give the concubine treatments. “What is her disease?” Raden Putra asked the royal healer. “I’m very sorry, My Majesty. She is sick because the queen put poison in her meal,” the royal healer lied.

Raden Putra was shock and angry to hear the explanation. He called the queen and asked her if the story was true. Of course the queen denied, but Raden Putra won’t listen. “Please Your Majesty, have mercy. I really didn’t do anything,” cried the queen in her tears. Raden Putra’s anger ended in a decision. The queen should be banished to the woods and terminated. He did not know that the queen was already pregnant. Raden Putra commanded one of his general to do the punishment. The queen was banished to the woods, but the wise general didn’t have the heart to kill her. He built a simple house in the woods for her. On his way back to the palace, he smeared his sword with rabbit blood, so Raden Putra would believe that he had killed the queen.

After the general left, the queen lived by herself in the woods. Several months later, she gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The baby was named Cindelaras. He grew up as a nice, healthy, and handsome boy. One day, while Cindelaras helped her mother to collect some fire woods, an eagle dropped an egg. Cindelaras brought the egg to be brooded by a chicken behind their house. The egg hatched into a chick and then it slowly became a strong rooster. The rooster is no ordinary rooster. The rooster could sing. Every morning, the rooster woke Cindelaras up with its beautiful song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.” The rooster often sang that song.

Cindelaras always woke up early in the morning and listen happily to his rooster’s song. He didn’t realize the meaning of the song until one day, he started to think. “Who is Raden Putra?” he asked his mother. The queen then told him the whole story. She also told him why they were banned from the kingdom and lived in the woods. Cindelaras was very surprised. He decided to go to the palace to meet the king, his father. Cindelaras asked her mother’s permission to go to the kingdom and to tell the king what really happened. He also brought his rooster that grew bigger and stronger each day.

On his way, Cindelaras stopped at a village. There, he met some people who were involved in cockfighting. They challenge him to see how strong his rooster was. “If your rooster wins, you’ll get a reward,” said the man who challenged him. Cindelaras accepted the challenge. In a few minutes, his rooster defeated the opponent’s rooster. He was challenged again by other man, and one more time, his rooster won. He won again and again.

The news about Cindelaras’ rooster quickly spread to the whole Jenggala kingdom and made Raden Putra curious. So, he invited Cindelaras to the palace. “What is your name, boy?” Raden Putra asked as Cindelaras arrived in the palace. “My name is Cindelaras, Your Majesty,” Cindelaras answered. He felt both thrilled and happy to see Raden Putra.

Raden Putra challenged Cindelaras with one condition. If Raden Putra’s rooster won, Cindelaras’ head would be cut off. But if Cindelaras’ rooster won, Raden Putra would share half of his wealth. Cindelaras accepted the condition. The competition was held in the front yard of the palace. The two roosters fought bravely. But in just a few minutes, Cindelaras’ rooster won the fight! Raden Putra shook his head and stared at Cindelaras from his seat, “That rooster is no ordinary rooster, and the boy is not an ordinaty boy either. Who is he exactly?” he thought. Raden Putra was about to asked when suddenly Cindelaras’ rooster sang the song, “My master is Cindelaras. His house is in the woods. He’s the son of Raden Putra.”

Raden Putra was surprised. “Is it true?” he asked. “Yes, My Majesty. My name is Cindelaras and my mother was the queen,” said Cindelaras. Raden putra called the general who had banished the queen. The general then confessed that he never killed the queen. Later, the royal healer also admitted his mistake. Raden Putra was so shocked. He immediately went to the woods to pick up the queen. Ever since, Cindelaras and his parents lived happily together. As for the concubine, she was sent to the jail as punishment.***




Thursday 17 January 2013

Cerita Rakyat Jawa Tengah - Menggunakan Bahasa Jawa

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TIMUN MAS


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Dek jaman biyen ing salah sawijining desa, ana mbok randa sing urip dewe ora ana anak utawa sedululur. Amarga urip dewe mbok randa mau kepengin duwe anak. Saben dina mbok randa ndonga awan bengi ing ngarsane Gusti Allah supaya diwenehi anak. Deweke yakin menawa penjaluke bakal di kabulake dening Gusti Allah.

Tanpa sangertine mbok randa, anggone donga awan bengi ing omahe kuwi mau keprungu Buto ijo sing kebeneran liwat sacedhake kono. Buto ijo banjur nyeluk mbok randa supaya metu saka omahe. mbok randa kaget ngerteni ana Buto ijoing ngarep omahe.

Sawise ora miris maneh ngerteni Buto ijo sing gedhe tur medeni kuwi, si Buto ijongomong menawa bisa nulungi menehi anak. Mbok randa bungah atine krungu kandane Buto ijo kuwi mau lan nyaguhi kabeh penjaluke Buto ijomenawa diwenehi anak tenan.

Penjaluke Buto ijo yaiku menawa anake mbok randa wis gedhe dijaluk arep dipangan. Sabanjure Buto ijo iku menehi wii timun sing kudu di tandur mbok randa. Sawise Buto ijo kuwi mau lunga, mbok Randa nandur wiji timun iku ana kebone. Wiji kuwi dirumat lan diopeni kanthi gemathi, disiram, diresiki sukete lan dirabuk supaya cepet tukul.

Sawise tukul lan dadi wit timun kang subur, wit timun iku mau wis pada uwoh. Ing antarane akehe woh timun, ana salah sijine timun kang nganeh-anehi. Rupane kuning emas lan gedhene sak guling. Timun iku banjur pecah lan ing njero timun mau ana bayi manungsane.

Mbok randa bungah atine amarga penjaluke kepengin duwe anak wis kaleksanan. Mbok randa ngucapake syukur marang Gusti Allah amarga dongane wis diijabah. Bayi iku mau wadon, pakulitane resik alus kaya kulit timun amarga laer saka timun sing kuning kaya emas, bayi wadon kuwi mau dijenengake Timun mas.

Sawise Timun mas ngancik dewasa, mbok randa kelingan janjine karo Buta menawa arep menehake Timun mas. Mbok randa dadi susah atine, rina wengi mbok randa donga supaya entuk pitulungan saka Gusti Allah. Salah sawijining wengi, mbok randa ngimpi ketemu pertapa ing gunung gandul. Pertapa kuwi mau sing bisa nulungi supaya Timun mas ora dijupuk sang Buto.

Esuke mbok randa lungo menyang gunung gandul kaya impene. Sawise ketemu karo pertapa kaya ing impene, mbok randa disangoni buntelan kanggo Timun mas. Pertapa kuwi mau menehi pitutur piye carane supaya Timun mas bisa oncat saka bebaya ngadepi sang Buto. Sawise ngucapake maturnuwun mbok randa pamitan mulih.

Tekan omah mbok randa menehi buntelan kang cacahe papat, lan dituturi piye carane nggunake. Mbok randa ngonggkon Timun mas lungo saka omah lan mlayu sak cepet-cepete. Sawise iku Buto ijo kang arep jupuk Timun mas teka ing omahe mbok randa banjur nesu ngerteni Timun mas wis ora ana. Buto ijo nesu lan ngamuk, kebonne mbok randa dirusak banjur bengok-bengok ngoyak Timun mas.

Amarga Buto ijo jangkahe amba sedela wae Timun mas wis meh kasil koyak. Timun mas bajur nguncalake buntelan sing isine wiji timun. Dumadakan dadi kebon timun kang akeh woh timune, Buto ijo mandeg lan mangan timun sing katon seger-seger kuwi mau. Sawise timune entek sang Buto ijo kelingan menawa ngoyak Timun mas. Buto ijo banjur ngoyak Timun mas maneh sing wis mlayu tekan adoh.

Lagi sedela wae sang Buto ijo wis meh kasil ngoyak Timun mas. Buntelan sing isi dom terus diuncalake Timun mas. Dumadakan dadi alas pring sing ngalangi playune Buto. Tapi sedela wae Buto ijo kasil bisa metu saka alas pring kuwi mau.

Timun mas banjur nguncalke buntelan kang isine uyah, lan malih dadi segara kang amba lan jero. Buto ijo nglangi ing segara kuwi mau tetep ngoyak Timun mas lan kasil mentas saka segara. Timun mas arep kasil koyak meneh, banjur nguncalake buntelan  kang pungkasan.

Buntelan kang isine trasi malih dadi segara lendhut kang jero. Buto ijokecemplung lan kangelan mentas saka lendhut kuwi mau. Pungkasane Buto ijo kang ngoyak Timun mas iku mati kleleb ing njero segara lendhut. Timun mas akhire selamet lan urip tentrem karo mbok randa.

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JAKA TARUB


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Wonten ing satunggaling dusun, wonten kaluargi ingkang naminipun mbok randa kaliyan putra kakungipun. Putra kakungipun ingkang sampun ngancik dewasa lan naminipun inggih menika Jaka Tarub. Padamelan saben dinten inggih menika madosi ron pisang utawi ron jati kangge dipun sade wonten peken ing saklebetipun kitha kudus. Ron menika dipunlintakaken kaliyan uwos kaliyan sarem kangge ulamipun saben dinten. Tindakanipun wonten peken ngantos pinten-pinten minggu saking tebihing kitha. Pedamelan sanesipun Jaka Tarub menika mbebedak wonten wana kangge ulamipun.

Wontan ing satunggaling dinten  ing kaluargi menika boten gadhah ulam kangge dhaharipun saben dinten lajeng Jaka Tarub matur kaliyan biyung kangge kesah wonten wana kangge mbebedak. Kados adatipun menawi mbebedak bidalipun bada’ subuh supados konduripun boten surup. Ananging boten ngertos menapa menika sampun dangu amargi boten angsal punapa-punapa, menika Jaka Tarub nembe apes, sampun sonten sampun dangu lampahipun Jaka Tarub boten manggih.

Satunggal punapa kemawon sato kewan. Namung Jaka Tarub menika boten putus asa piyambakipun taksih nglajengaken lampahipun ingkang tebih sanget wonten ing jeronipun wana. Ananging ngantos dalu JakaTarub taksih boten angsal punapa-punapa. Saking sayakipun Jaka Tarub kepengin sumene ngantos sare saestu, amargi lampahipun menika tebih sanget lajeng Jaka Tarub sare ing sakjeronipun wana. Piyambakipun kaget amargi kepireng suanten gumujuning tiyang-tiyang estri sami gumujengan. Amargi pengin ngertos suanten menika punapa lan saking pundi sejatosipun pramila Jaka Tarub madosi suanten menika. Piyambakipun menika boten percaya kalioyang ingkang Jaka Tarub mersani ing dalu menika Jaka Tarub kaget amargi ing tengahing wana wonten suanten widodari-widodari ingkang sami gumujengan sinambi siram lelangin ing sendang. Jaka Tarub nyaketi panggenan widodari menika ingkang nembe siram kala wau amargi dalu punika kaleresipun wulan purnama. Sanalika Jaka Tarub gadhah pamanggih pengin garwa satunggal pramila piyambakipun mundut rasukan satunggal lan dipunsinggitaken. Wonten satunggal widodari ingkang kicalan rasukan dipun tilar rencangipun sami widodari. Widodari menika duka lan nuwun lajeng widodari menika dipun caketi Jaka Tarub lan dipun reh-reh lajeng dipunbeta wangsul lan kagarwa dening Jaka Tarub, widodari menika gadhah nami Nawang Wulan.

Wonten ing satunggaling dinten Nawang Wulan sampun kagungan putrid saking Jaka Tarub ingkang naminipun Nawang Sih, amargi rasukan kathah ingkang reged pramila Nawang Wulan nyuwun JakaTarub kangge nenggani Nawang Sih kaliyan adangipun kanthi manthi-manthi, lan Jaka Tarub boten angsal mbukak kekep. Saktindakipun Nawang Wulan wonten lepen Jaka Tarub malah kepengin ngertos isinipun kekep, menika punapa Jaka Tarub kaget menapa amargi ingkang dipun adang garwanipun naming satunggal kantun kemawon. Saking kedadosan punika kaseteripun Nawang Wulan dados widodari ical lan adangipun satunggal las dados satunggal bugak ical. Pramila mulai nutu pari adangipun uwos dados limrahipun tiyang gesang wonten brebayan amargi pantunipun telas kantun rentengan wonten lumbung.
Ing satunggaling dinten Nawang Wulan nglengkep gelaran klasa kados pundi kegetipun manah Nawang Wulan mersani rasukan widodari wonten ing ngandapipun klasa, piyambakipun kaget amargi piyambakipun duka dumateng garwanipun amargi sampun dipun apusi. Nawang Wulan menika mutusaken kangge minggah kayangan malih lajeng ngagem rasukan. Sakderengipun minggah ing kayangan Nawang Wulan pesen kaliyan Nawang Sih yen kepureh kangen mersani mbulan amargi ing tengahing bulan wonten bayangipun Nawang Wulan. Anaging sak sampunipun dugi kayangan Nawang Wulan boten dipun tampi malih dados widodari amargi sampun kecampuran kaliyan manungsa. Nawang Wulan menika lingsem lan boten purun jelma malih dados manungsa, amargi rekaos gesangipun pramila Nawang Wulan nglalu wonten segara kidul wonten segara kidul lan dados Ratu Kidul ingkang gadhah naminipun Nyi Roro Kidul.

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RORO JONGRANG


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Ing jaman biyen ana kerajaan gedhe sing jenenge Prambanan. Rakyate Prambanan iku ayem lan tentrem sing dipimpin karo Prabu Baka.

Nanging kerajaan Prambanan diserang karo kerajaan Pengging. Prabu Baka lan pasukane kalah amarga kurang persiapane. Prabu Baka lan pasukane mati amarga kena karo senjatane Bandung Bandowoso. Kerajaan Pengging lan pasukane seneng amarga isok naklukno kerajaan Prambanan.

Pada wektu Bandung Bandowoso ing kerajaan Prambanan, deweke ndelok putri sing ayu banget. Putri iku jenenge Roro Jonggrang, putri Prabu Baka. Langsung Bandung Bandowoso nglamar Roro Jonggrang.

"Roro Jonggrang, apa awakmu gelem dadi permaisuriku?" Jare Bandung Bandowoso.

Roro Jonggrang nanggepi pertanyaane Bandung Bandowoso "Aku gelem dadi permaisurimu, tapi ana syarate."

"Apa iku syarate?" Jare Bandung Bandowoso.

"Gawekno aku 1000 candi tapi wektune sakwengi!" Jare Roro Jonggrang.

Ing bengi, Bandung Bandowoso ngumpulno anak buahe yaiku jin lan setan. Sawise ngerungokno perintahe Bandung Bandowoso, jin lan setan langsung nggarap sing diperintaake karo Bandung Bandowoso. Roro Jonggrang ndelengi pekerjaane Bandung Bandowoso. Roro Jonggrang wedi kalo Bandung Bandowoso iso nggarap permintaake dewe. Roro Jonggrang langsung ngumpulno dayang-dayange.

Roro Jonggrang mau ngongkon dayange mbakar jerami, munikno lesung lan naburno bunga sing wangi. Jin lan setan mau wedi lan disangkakno wis esok. Jin lan setan langsung mbalek. Asline candine iku wis ana 999, tapi kurang 1.

Bandung Bandowoso mangkel nang Roro Jonggrang amarga wis mbujuk deweke. Langsung bandung Bandowoso ngesabda Roro Jonggrang dadi patung lan ngganepi 1000 candi.

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JAKA TINGKIR


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Jeneng asline yaiku Mas Karebet, putra saka Ki Ageng Pengging. Jeneng mau, asale saka bapakke nanggap wayang beber ngepasi laire Jaka Tingkir. Nalika Mas Karebet umur sepuluh taun, Ki Ageng Pengging diukum pati, merga dituduh mbrontak saka Kesultanan Demak. Ora sawetara suwe ibune uga seda. Banjur Mas Karebet dipek anak dening Nyi Ageng Tingkir. Dheweke pamit marang Nyi Ageng Tingkir saperlu meguru.

Mas Karebet nyinau ilmu agama. Dheweke meguru marang Sunan Kalijaga, banjur meguru maneh menyang Ki Ageng Sela. Dening Ki Ageng Sela, diaku anak lan digandeng sedulurke karo putu-putune yaiku Ki Juru Martani, Ki Ageng Pemanahan Lan Ki Panjawi. Jaka Tingkir lunga menyang Kasultanan Demak Bintoro. Ing Demak, dheweke mangggon ing omahe Kyai Gandamustaka (pamane Jaka Tingkir) kang dadi lurah ganjur (ngurusi mesjid). Dening Sultan Trenggana, Tingkir diangkat dadi lurah wiratamtama.

Ing sawijining dina, Kesultanan Demak nganakake sayembara milih prajurit. Tingkir kang diutus mbiji. Ana salah sijining calon prajurit kang rupane ala senengane pamer lan umuk, arane Dadungawuk Jaka Tingkir kang ora seneng marang calon prajurit iku banjur nguji kasektene, tanpa dinyana, Dadungawuk tiwas sanalika. Marga saka prastawa iku, Tingkir banjur ditundung saka Demak

Jaka Tingkir banjur meguru marang  Ki Ageng Banyubiru, Tingkir diwenehi lemah kang bisa ndadekake dheweke bisa katampa maneh ing Demak Bintoro. Saka Banyubiru Jaka Tingkir mangkat menyang Demak dikancani dening muride Ki Ageng Banyubiru kang aran Mas Manca, Mas Wila, lan Ki Wuragil.

Rombongane Jaka Tingkir ngliwati kali Kedung Srengenge nganggo getek Kyai Tambak Boro. Ing tengahing kali, rombongane Jaka Tingkir dicegat siluman baya. Kekarone adu kasekten, baya-baya padha kalah, banjur aweh pambiyantu marang rombongane Jaka Tingkir nganti tekan sebrange kali.

Tumekane ing Demak, Jaka Tingkir ngeculake kebo kang wis dileboni lemah ana kupinge lan digiring menyang lapangan. Kebo mau ngamuk ora karuan. Lan ora ana kang bisa ngadepi polahe. Sultan Trenggana kelingan marang kasektene Jaka Tingkir, lan ngutus prajurit supaya Jaka Tingkir bisa ngrampungi ontran-ontran mau. Ora angel anggone Jaka Tingkir ngalahake kebo mau. Marga saka tumindake, Sultan Demak ngangkat Tingkir dadi Lurah Tamtama maneh.

Kasektene Jaka Tingkir, ndadekake dheweke dadi bupati Pajang lan ganti jeneng dadi Adipati Hadiwijaya. Duwe bojo Ratu Mas Cempaka, putri saka Sultan Trenggana. Sawuse Sultan Trenggana seda ing taun 1546, putrane kang aran Sunan Prawoto ngganteni dadi ratu, ananging tiwas ing tangane Arya Penangsang kang isih kapetung sedulur saka Jipang. Aryo Penagsang uga mateni Pangeran Kalinyamat (putra mantu Sultan Trenggana kang dadi bupati Jepara).

Arya Penangsang ngirim utusan kangggo mateni Hadiwijaya ing Pajang, Ananging tekan Pajang utusane Arya Penangsang malah diladeni kanthi becik lan diwenehi hadiah. Ratu Kalinyamat njaluk Hadiwijaya supaya mateni Arya Penangsang, Ananging merga isih ana gandheng sedulur Hadiwijaya rumangsa pakewuh yen mateni kanthi cara terang-terangan.

Mula dheweke nganakake sayembara. Sapa kang bisa mateni Arya Penangsang, tanah Pati lan Mataram dadi duweke. Ki Ageng Pemanahan lan Ki Panjawi melu sayembara mau. Lan kang bisa niwasake Arya Penangsang yaiku Ki Juru Martani (ipene Ki Ageng Pemanahan).

Sawuse prastawa ing taun 1549 kasebut, Ratu Kalinyamat menehake Keraton Demak marang Hadiwijaya. Pusate dipindah ing Pajang lan Hadiwijaya dadi ratu kang sepisanan.Sultan Hadiwijaya uga ngangkat Mas Manca dadi patih kanthi gelar Patih Mancanegara, banjur Mas Wila lan Ki Wuragil didadekake menteri kanthi pangkat ngabehi.

Ki Panjawi antuk hadiah tanah Pati kanthi gelar Ki Ageng Pati. Ananging Ki Ageng Pemanahan isih nunggu merga Sultan Hadiwijaya ora age-age menehake tanah Mataram. Nganti taun 1556, tanah Mataram isih ditahan dening Hadiwijaya. Ki Ageng Pemanahan pakewuh arep jaluk marang Hadiwijaya. Sunan Kalijaga kang ngerti kahanan mau, coba nengahi. Alesane Hadiwijaya ngenani hadiah tanah Mataram iku, amerga dheweke was sumelang krungu ramalane Sunan Prapen yen ing Mataram arep lair keraton kang bakale ngasorake Pajang.

Sunan Kalijaga mbujuk Hadiwijaya supaya netepi ing janji. Lan Pemanahan uga wajib sumpah prasetya mring Pajang. Ki Ageng Pemanahan jejuluk Ki Ageng Mataram, lan wajib ngadep mring Pajang.

Ki Ageng Pemanahan peputra Sutawijaya, kang ngganteni dheweke sawuse seda. Mataram ing tangane Sutawijaya saya makmur. Ananging Sutawijaya ora gelem menehi laporan uga ora gelem bayar pajek mring Pajang. Ing taun1582 Raden Pabelan (ponakane Sutawijaya) gawe geger ing taman kaputren Sekar Kedaton( anakke Hadiwijaya), Pabelan diukum pati, lan ramane kang aran Tumenggung Mayang disingkirke menyang Semarang. Ibune Pabelan (adhi saka Sutawijaya) njaluk pitulungan marang kangmase. Sutawijaya ngirim utusan supaya bisa nylametake Tumengggung Mayang saka paukuman. Tumindake Sutawijaya dianggep luuput dening Hadiwijaya, banjur Pajang nyerbu Mataram. Perang mau dimenangake dening pasukan Mataram. Sawuse kalah perang, Hadiwijaya kondur neng Pajang, nandang gerah, banjur seda lan disarekake ana ing Desa Butuh, Sragen.

Ana ing kraton, Lurah Ganjur langsung sungkem marang Sultan Demak lan nyuwun ngapura. Nanging Sultan Demak ngendika yen piyambake kesengsem karo Jaka Tingkir, lan ngangkat Jaka Tingkir dadi lurah prajurit pratama.

Ing sawijine dina, Sultan Demak perlu nambah 400 prajurit tamtama. Calo-calon lurah mau kudu wong sing kuwat, lan sigap. Ing pendapa Kraton Demak dibuka lamaran kango ndaftar prajurit tamtama. Salah sijine kang ndaftar yaiku Dadungawu. Dheweke jejaka saka desa sacedhake Kraton Demak. Praupane medeni, kumisi dawa, kurang tata krama, lan suba sita. Nanging Dadungawu ing desane terkenal dadi uwong kang kebal marang kabeh jenise gegaman, lan uwong kang sakti mandraguna.

Meruhi Dadungawu kang duweni sipat kang kaya ngono, Jaka Tingkir krasa ora seneng. Terus Jaka Tingkir nantang Dadungawu. Karo Jaka Tingkir, Dadungawu diuji nganggo sada kang ditujes karo godhong suruh. Ana ing tantangan mau, Dadung awu kalah lan dadi patine.

Sultan Demak kang mireng kabar mau nesu, geneya uwong kang ora salah kok dipateni. Jaka Tingkir kang rumamgsa salah, budhal saka Demak lan ngumbara saparan- paran. Jaka Tingkir tekan ing Desa Butuh lan maguru marang Ki Ageng Butuh. Sawise ilmu kang diduweni karo Ki Ageng Butuh wis diajarake kabeh marang Jaka Tingkir, dheweke didhawuhi supaya bali ngabdi marang Demak.

Ing alun-alun Kraton Demak ana kedadeyan kang medeni. Yaiku ana kebo kang lagi ngamuk ora ana prajurit apa dene uwong biyasa kang bisa ngalahake kebo mau. Sultan kang mirsani yen Jaka Tingkir ana ing pingir alun-alun, ngutus marang prajurite supaya mrentah marang Jaka Tingkir dikon ngalahake kebo mau. Jaka tingkir kang wis duweni ilmu kang akeh saka Ki Ageng Butuh, langsung maju ing tengah alun- alun lan dheweke gampang wae anggone ngalahake kebo mau.

Sultan Demak kang mirsani sekabehane, langsung dhawuhi Jaka Tingkir supaya sowan. Ana ing Kraton Demak, karo Sultan Demak kabeh salah kang wis tau digawe karo Jaka Tingkir dingapura, lan dheweke diangkat dadi lurah prajurit tamtama. Kanggo tandha pasrah marang Sultan Demak, Jaka Tingkir ngowahi kabeh sikape kang ala. Lan dadi lurah kang apik, tanggung jawag, pungkasane Jaka Tingkir dadi putra mantune Sultan Demak.


Graphic3

Saturday 12 January 2013

Cara Mengatasi Hasil Print yang Bergaris dan Tinta Tidak bisa Keluar


Cara mengatasi hasil print bergaris-garis, atau lebih parah lagi tintanya tidak bisa keluar. kondisi ini sering terjadi karena kurangnya perhatian terhadap head printer. Kelalaian dalam merawat dan menjaga printer khususnya printer Inkjet dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada head printersecara temporary maupun secara permanen.
printer epson terbaru 2011
Untuk cara memperbaiki atau mengatasinya, hal pertama yang dapat kita lakukan adalah membersihkan head printer. Untuk cara membersihkannya, Lepaskan head printer dan catridgedari printer, pisahkan catridge tinta dari head. Jangan menyentuh rangkaian elektronik yg ada disekitar Head printer, karena dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada rangkainan elektronik tersebut. Gunakan cairan pembersih head untuk menghilangkan bekas tinta yang beku dan kering, kemungkinan besar itu adalah menyebab utama tinta tidak dapat keluar pada saat mencetak.


Kalau anda tidak memiliki cairan pembersih Head Printer coba gunakan tips berikut ini :

  • Ambil air panas, tuangkan dalam mangkok.

  • Celupkan ujung head ke dalam air panas yang ada dalam mangkok. Perhatikan jangan sampai air menyentuh rangkaian elektronika yang ada di sekitar head karena dapat merusaknya.

  • Goyang-goyangkan head printer tersebut hingga tinta yang ada di dalam head mencair.

  • Ulangi langkah pencelupan (4 hingga 6) diatas dengan air panas yang baru hingga air panas yang baru tetap bening (tidak terkontaminasi tinta yang keluar dari head).

  • Keringkan head printer dengan kain yang halus hingga benar-benar kering.


Pasang kembali head printer dan catridge ke printer dan cobalah untuk mencetak. Bila anda telah melakukan langkah-langkah pembersihan head printer seperti diatas namun hasilnya tetap sama, kemungkinan penyumbatan terjadi hingga bagian pipa penyaluran tinta. Bila hal ini terjadi, cobalah untuk menguapi saluran tinta head dengan uap panas hingga kira-kira tinta yang ada di dalam pipa mencair, kemudian ulangi langkah pembersihan head seperti diatas. Bermanfaat.Graphic3


Friday 11 January 2013

Tugas Wasit Sepak Bola

referee


a . Syarat-syarat Menjadi Wasit

Untuk menjadi wasit harusmemenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:

  1. Berbadan sehat menurut keterangan dokter (tidak berkacamata, tidak buta warna, dan      penglihatan baik.

  2. Umur antara 24 sampai 40 tahun.

  3. Berijazah SMA atau sederajat.

  4. Memahami dan melaksanakan janji wasit

  5. Mengetahui dan memahami peraturan sepak bola dengan baik.


b . Perlengkapan wasit

  1. Perlengkapan pakian dan sepatu bola yang lengkap.

  2. Peluit

  3. Notes dan alat tulis

  4. Pencatat waktu (jam, stop watch)

  5. Koin untuk undian.

  6. Kartu merah dan kartu kuning.


c .  Kerjasama Antara Wasit, Hakim Garis, dan Wasit Cadangan

Dalam memimpin suatu pertandingan wasit dibantu oleh 2 orang hakim garis dan 1 wasit cadangan. Tugas dan kewenangan yang diberikan kepadanya dimulai setelah memasuki lapanganpermainan. Wasit dan hakim garis harus saling bekerjasama yang baik dalam menjalankan tugasnya, supaya pertandingan dapat berjalan dengan baik dan lancer. Berhasil atau tidaknya seorang wasit dalam memimpin tergantung dari kerjasama pengadil dilapangan tersebut.
1)     Tugas Seorang Wasit





    • Menegakkan dan menjalankan peraturan.

    • Membuat putusan yang memihak pada tim yang membuat pelanggaran.

    • Membuat catatan jalannya pertandingan.

    • Memberikan tendangan bebas langsung atau tidak langsung.

    • Memberikan hukuman tendangan (penalty kick).

    • Memberikan teguran dan peringatan pada pemain yangmembuat pelanggaran.

    • Menghentikan permainan untuk sementara atau seterusnya.

    • Menentukan bola sesuai dengan syarat atau standar tidak.



2)     Tugas Hakim Garis





    • Membantu tugas wasit dengan berpegang teguh pada peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku.

    • Memberi isyarat kepada wasit dalam hal-hal sebagai berikut:

    • Menentukan arah bola (trow in, corner kick, goal kick)

    • Menentukan seorang pemain off-side atau tidak.



3)     Tugas Wasit Cadangan





    • Menggantikan wasit atau hakim garis apabila ada yang berhalangan.

    • Mengurusi pergantian pemain.

    • Memberi isyarat padawasit jika pertandingan sudah selesai.

    • Mengatur official adan pemain pangganti.

    • Menerima isyarat dari wasit tentang penghentian pertandingan.

    • Memberikan pendapatnya bila diminta oleh wasit utama.



d .    Posisi Wasit dan Hakim Garis

Agar wasit dapat mengamati pertandingan dengan cermat,maka wasit dan pembantu wasit perlu menempatkan diri di tempat yang benar, sehingga semua kejadian penting dapat diamati dengan baik. Kejadian itu seperti; permulaan pertandingan, tendangan sudut, tendangan gawang, tendangan hukuman, dll.


e .    Isyarat-Isyarat Wasit dan Hakim Garis

Isyarat ialah suatu tanda berkenaan dengan permainan. Dalampermainan sepak bola isyarat tersebut dapat diberikan oleh wasit atau hakim garis, atau wasit pengganti.


1)    Isyarat Wasit


Isyarat wasit dapat berupa peluit dan gerakan tangan, yaitu:
a)    Bunyi Peluit


Bunyi peluit dari wasit umunya ada 2 macam yang didasarkan atas tujuan atau keguanaannya. Bunyi peluit dua kali pendek yang diikuti panjang, ini digunakan wasit sebagai isyarat dalamhal-hal sebagai berikut:






      • Agar para pemain siap untuk memasuki lapangan permainan.

      • Permainan dalam babak 1 selesai.

      • Permainan dalam babak 2 selasai.




Bunyi peluit panjang satu kali,ini digunakan wasit sebagai isyarat dalam hal-hal berikut:






      • Permainan dapat dimulai.

      • Penghentian permainan untuk sementara karena ada kejadian

      • Terjadi pelanggaran atas peraturan permainan.

      • Bola keluar lapangan.

      • Terjadi gol.

      • Ada pemain yang cidera.

      • Gangguan oleh cuaca atau penonton.




b)     Gerakan Tangan


Untuk lebih memperjelas keputusannya isyarat wasit yang berupa bunyi peluit akan diikuti dengan gerakan tangan sebagai isyarat. Isyarat tangan itu diantaranya:






      • Mengankat salah satu tangan lurus ke atas baik tangan kanan atau kiri berarti “ terjadi pelanggaran dengan hukuman tendangan bebas tidak langsung “.

      • Mengangkat kedua tangan didepan dada menghadap kebawah dan digerakkan menyilang berarti “ tidak terjadi pelanggaran “.

      • Kedua tangan menggantung sejajar disamping badan dengan telapak tanganmenghadap kedepan selanjutnta digerakan ke depan berarti “ meminta pemain untuk mundur ke belakang “.

      • Salah satu tanganmenunjuk titik tengah berarti “ terjadi bola masuk kegawang/gol secara sah”.

      • Salah satu tanganmenunjuk ke suatu tempat,sedang tangan yanglain menunjuk ke suatu arah, berarti “ menunjukkan tempat terjadinya pelanggaran dan arah bola “.

      • Pada permulaan permainan wasit mengangkat salah satu tangan kea rah hakim garis dan pemain, berarti “ meminta yang bersangkutan siap untukmemulaipertandingan “.




2)    Isyarat Hakim Garis


Untuk memberikan isyarat hakim garis menggunakan bendera. Isyarat itu adalah:





    1. Mengangkat bendera lurus ke atas, berarti “ memberitahu kepada wasit untuk menghentikan permainan, karena bola keluar atau ada kejadian ataupun terjadi pelanggran, dengan menunjukkan bendera kearah tempat tersebut.



3)    Isyarat Wasit Cadangan


Isyarat dari wasit cadangan diberikan dari luar lapangan.isyarat itu antara lain:
a) Adanya pergantian pemain
b) Memberitahukan sisa waktu pertandingan
c) Isyarat-Isyarat Wasit Dalam Pertandingan

Tugas Wasit Bola Volley

Perwasitan dalam Permainan Bola Voli


1.   Syarat-syarat menjadi wasit bola voli
  • Seorang wasit hendaklah berbadan sehat dan mempunyai fisik yang normal
  • Mempunyai bakat untuk menjadi seorang wasit
  • Senang terhadap permainan bola voli
  • Berpendidikan serendah-rendahnya lulusan SMA
  • Berumur antara 20 – 40 tahun
  • Mempunyai dedikasi yang baik
  • Haruslah menjadi anggota salah satu perkumpulan bola vol


a.   Pakaian wasit
    1. Bercelana putih
    2. Baju kaos putih polos, pakai kerah
    3. Sepatu karet putih
    4. Memakai badge wasit yang sesuai dengan klasifikasinya
2.   Tugas, kewajiban dan wewenang wasit
1) Tugas-tugas wasit
      referee
    • Memimpin pertandingan agar dapat berjalan dengan lance,

    • Meningkatkan keterampilan dan kemampuan serta pengetahuan, tentang perwasitan bola voli

    • Menyebarluaskan peraturan permainan di masyarakat

    • Meningkatkan mutu perwasitan di masyarakat pada khususnya dan di Indonesia pada umumnya
2) Kewajiban dan wewenang wasit
    • Wasit berkewajiban memimpin pertandingan bola voli baik di tingkat cabang daerah, nasional maupun di tingkat internasional

    • Seorang wasit tidak berhak memimpin pertandingan di atas klasifikasi sertifikat yang dimilikinya.

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Cara Membersihkan Head Printer yang Tersumbat dan Mengering

Tips merawat dan membersihkan Head Printer yang mengering dan tersumbat atau mampet! Head print yang tersumbat dan mengering ini banyak dialami oleh pengguna printer Epson khususnya printer jenis Inkjet.


Ada beberapa tips merawat head print pastikan anda menggunakan tinta berkualitas yang sudah melalui proses filtrasi sempurna, karena tinta yang sembarangan bisa menyebabkan Head printer menjadi tersumbat atau mampet atau tidak mengeluarkan tinta dengan sempurna.


Head printer bisa mengering dan tersumbat dikarnakan printer tersebut tidak digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama atau jarang digunakan. Istilah untuk printer yang tersumbat atau mengering ini sering dikenal dengan Clogged print head.


Untuk cara mengatasinya atau membersih head printer yang mampet, mengering atau tersumbat ada beberapa langkah yang harus dilakukan. Untuk type printer terbaru khususnya printer Epson pastilah dilengkapi dengan fasilitas Cleaning System, nah..untuk langkah pertama, coba anda gunakan fasilitas tersebut dengan melakukan testing printer secara berulang-ulang. Untuk fasilitas bawaan dari printer terbaru lainnya adalah pembersih head atau Cleening Head. Gunanya adalah untuk membersihkan head print yang tersumbat, tapi untuk fasilitas ini jarang berhasil! Dan apabila anda melakukan fasilitas ini secara berulang-ulang 10 kali atau lebih, maka akan menyebabkan tinta menjadi boros, atau lebih parahnya dapat menyebabkan Waste Ink Tank Full sehingga perlu dilakukan Resetter untuk printer tersebut.


Dan terakhir untuk membersihkan head printer yang tersumbat dan mengering ini salah satu cara yang bisa kita coba adalah. Kita coba bersihkan sendiri head printer. Yaitu dengan merendam atau memasukan head printer kedalam cairan/air boleh ditambahkan alkohol atau ammoniackedalamnya (ingat yang dimasukan ke cairan hanya bagian headnya saja, bukan semuanya). Atau kalau perlu anda membeli cairan khusus untuk membersihkan head printer yang mengering ini (cartridge flush solution), namun cairan ini lumayan juga harganya. Silahkan anda lakukan langkah ini sekitar 10 menit atau kalau perlu seharian juga tidak masalah. Langkah ini bisa mencirkan lagi tinta yang mengering. Dengan cairnya tinta kering tersebut diharapkan bisa untuk mencetak dengan bagus lagi. Cara tersebut lebih efisien ketimbang harus mengganti cartidge, ini memang cepat dan gampang, namun memakan biaya yang cukup mahal. Cara ini bisa dilakukan apabilaCartidge dan head menyatu.


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Thursday 10 January 2013

Mengganti Background Windows 7 Starter Original

Cara mengubah Windows 7 Starter Original klik disini 

Tuesday 8 January 2013

Menteri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu

 

Tabel Menteri PotoTabel Menteri Poto_1

Untuk mencetaknya silahkan Download disini

Web

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